The AP Course Audit ensures that each AP course meets curricular and resource requirements. Get an overview of the AP Course Audit and learn how to get a course authorized. Read more about About AP Course Audit. Course Authorizations; Explore by Role. Teachers, administrators, and online course providers: Get the information you need. How to Use These AP Environmental Science Notes. The notes can be used for targeting studying throughout the course as well as your end of the year review for the AP exam. The notes don’t cover every topic on the AP Environmental Science Exam (particularly the Global Change section), so don’t rely on them exclusively for your studying.
Welcome to biology!: Intro to biologyThe science of biology: Intro to biology
Elements and atoms: Chemistry of lifeElectron shells and orbitals: Chemistry of lifeChemical bonds and reactions: Chemistry of life
Hydrogen bonding in water: Water, acids, and basesCohesion and adhesion: Water, acids, and basesTemperature and state changes in water: Water, acids, and bases
Carbon: Properties of carbonHydrocarbon structures and functional groups: Properties of carbon
Introduction to macromolecules: MacromoleculesCarbohydrates: MacromoleculesLipids: Macromolecules
Energy in metabolism: Energy and enzymesLaws of thermodynamics: Energy and enzymesFree energy: Energy and enzymes
ATP and reaction coupling: Energy and enzymesIntroduction to enzymes: Energy and enzymesEnzyme regulation: Energy and enzymes
Introduction to cells: Structure of a cellProkaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Structure of a cellTour of a eukaryotic cell: Structure of a cell
The plasma membrane: Membranes and transportDiffusion and osmosis: Membranes and transportPassive transport: Membranes and transport
Active transport: Membranes and transportBulk transport: Membranes and transport
Introduction to cellular respiration: Cellular respirationSteps of cellular respiration: Cellular respirationGlycolysis: Cellular respiration
Pyruvate oxidation and the citric acid cycle: Cellular respirationOxidative phosphorylation: Cellular respirationVariations on cellular respiration: Cellular respiration
Intro to photosynthesis: PhotosynthesisThe light-dependent reactions: PhotosynthesisThe Calvin cycle: Photosynthesis
How cells signal to each other: Cell signalingCommunication in single-celled organisms: Cell signaling
Introduction to cell division: Cell divisionThe cell cycle and mitosis: Cell divisionMeiosis: Cell division
Mendelian genetics: Classical and molecular geneticsVariations on Mendelian genetics: Classical and molecular geneticsChromosomal basis of genetics: Classical and molecular genetics
Sex linkage, chromosomal mutations, & non-nuclear inheritance: Classical and molecular geneticsMolecular basis of genetics: Classical and molecular genetics
Structure of DNA: DNA as the genetic materialDiscovery of DNA: DNA as the genetic materialDNA replication: DNA as the genetic material
Central dogma and the genetic code: Central dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)Transcription: Central dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)Translation: Central dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)
Gene regulation in bacteria: Gene regulationGene regulation in eukaryotes: Gene regulation
Intro to biotechnology: BiotechnologyDNA cloning: BiotechnologyDNA analysis methods: Biotechnology
Development & differentiation: Developmental biologySignaling & transcription factors in development: Developmental biologyApoptosis: Developmental biology
Prokaryote structure: Bacteria and archaeaProkaryote metabolism and ecology: Bacteria and archaea
Evolution and natural selection: Evolution and the tree of lifePopulation genetics: Evolution and the tree of lifeSpeciation and evolutionary trees: Evolution and the tree of life
Formation of Earth and early life: History of life on EarthThe diversification of life: History of life on EarthRadiometric dating: History of life on Earth
Intro to ecology: EcologyIntro to population ecology: EcologyPopulation growth & regulation: EcologyIntro to community ecology: Ecology
Community structure & diversity: EcologyIntro to ecosystems: EcologyBiogeochemical cycles: EcologyBiogeography: Ecology
Ecosystems & ecosystem services: Biodiversity and conservationGlobal distribution of biodiversity: Biodiversity and conservationThreats to biodiversity: Biodiversity and conservation
Protecting biodiversity: Biodiversity and conservationLevels of biodiversity: Biodiversity and conservation
Body structure & homeostasis: Principles of physiologyMetabolism & thermoregulation: Principles of physiology
Circulatory and pulmonary systems: Human biologyThe neuron and nervous system: Human biologyThe kidney and nephron: Human biology
Muscles: Human biologyImmunology: Human biology
Free-response questions: 2015 AP Biology exam: Studying for the AP Biology exam?Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life.: Studying for the AP Biology exam?Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis.: Studying for the AP Biology exam?
Big Idea 3: Living systems store, retrieve, transmit and respond to information essential to life processes.: Studying for the AP Biology exam?Big Idea 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. : Studying for the AP Biology exam?
Crash Course: Biology: Crash Course: Biology and EcologyCrash Course: Ecology: Crash Course: Biology and Ecology